High cholesterol is a common yet serious health issue in Singapore, affecting over 25% of adults. Left untreated, it significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, which account for about 31% of all deaths in Singapore. High cholesterol often has no visible symptoms, making regular check-ups crucial to catching it early and starting preventive measures.
This article covers everything you need to know about managing high cholesterol, from understanding its risks and causes to treatment options and lifestyle changes for better heart health.
What is High Cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in your blood, produced by the liver and obtained from certain foods. While it’s essential for producing hormones and vitamin D, having too much cholesterol—especially low-density lipoprotein (LDL), known as “bad” cholesterol—can lead to a buildup of plaque in your arteries, increasing your risk of heart disease and stroke.
“High cholesterol can be managed effectively through a combination of medication and lifestyle changes. Our goal is to keep your cholesterol at healthy levels, reducing the long-term risk of heart disease.” Dr Jacquelyn Melody, Oaklife Family Clinic
Symptoms of High Cholesterol
High cholesterol is often referred to as a “silent” condition because it typically doesn’t cause symptoms until it leads to more severe health issues. It’s usually detected through a blood test called a lipid profile, which measures your total cholesterol, LDL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides.
Understanding Cholesterol Levels: What’s Normal?
A lipid profile measures different types of cholesterol:
Total Cholesterol: Ideally below 200 mg/dL
LDL (Bad) Cholesterol: Should be less than 100 mg/dL. However target level differs depending on risk factors. Consult your doctor to find out your target LDL level.
HDL (Good) Cholesterol: Should be 40 mg/dL or higher for men, 50 mg/dL or higher for women
Triglycerides: Should be below 150 mg/dL
Regular cholesterol testing, especially for those with a family history of heart disease or other risk factors, helps you stay on top of your health.
Causes and Risk Factors for High Cholesterol
High cholesterol can be influenced by genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Common risk factors include:
Unhealthy diet: Foods high in saturated fats, like red meat and full-fat dairy, increase LDL cholesterol.
Lack of exercise: Physical inactivity can lead to weight gain and higher cholesterol.
Smoking: Smoking damages blood vessels, raises LDL cholesterol and lowers HDL cholesterol.
Family history: Genetics can also play a role, particularly in conditions like familial hypercholesterolemia.
Treatment Options for High Cholesterol in Singapore
Managing high cholesterol often involves both lifestyle changes and medication. Common treatments include:
Lifestyle Modifications
Dietary changes: A heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can lower cholesterol.
Exercise: Regular physical activity helps increase HDL and lower LDL cholesterol.
Smoking cessation: Quitting smoking improves LDL and HDL cholesterol and overall heart health.
Medications
Statins: The most commonly prescribed medication for lowering LDL cholesterol.
Ezetimibe: Helps reduce cholesterol absorption from the foods you eat.
PCSK9 Inhibitors: For patients who can’t tolerate statins, these injections are an effective option.
“For many patients, lifestyle changes make a significant difference, but some may need medication to reach healthy cholesterol levels. We work together to find the most effective plan for each patient.” says Dr Jacquelyn Melody, Senior Family Physician
Lifestyle Tips for Lowering Cholesterol
In addition to medical treatment, making some changes to your lifestyle can help you manage cholesterol:
Focus on a balanced diet
Aim for foods rich in fibre like oats, beans, and lentils. Reduce intake of saturated fats by choosing leaner meats and opting for low-fat dairy options.
Exercise regularly
Try to get at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise weekly. Activities like brisk walking, swimming, or cycling can effectively boost your HDL cholesterol.
Limit alcohol
Excessive drinking can increase cholesterol and blood pressure. Stick to moderate drinking, or avoid it altogether if advised by your doctor.
Check in regularly
Regular check-ups allow your doctor to monitor cholesterol levels, adjust treatment plans, and catch any potential issues early.
FAQ: Managing High Cholesterol
Q: How often should I get my cholesterol checked?
A: Adults over 40 should have their cholesterol checked at least once every three years. Those with risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, heart or kidney disease or a family history of heart disease, may require more frequent testing.
Q: Can high cholesterol be reversed without medication?
A: In some cases, lifestyle changes alone can lower cholesterol levels. However, for those with significantly high levels, medication may be necessary. Always consult with a doctor for the best approach.
Q: Is high cholesterol hereditary?
A: Yes, genetics play a role in high cholesterol, especially in cases of familial hypercholesterolemia. If high cholesterol runs in your family, be proactive with regular screenings and lifestyle modifications.
Q: Are there side effects to statins?
A: Statins are generally safe, but some people may experience muscle pain, digestive issues, or headaches. Speak to your doctor if you experience any side effects, as there may be alternative options.
Q: What’s the best exercise for lowering cholesterol?
A: Aerobic exercises, like brisk walking, cycling, and swimming, are highly effective at improving cholesterol levels. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week.
By managing high cholesterol with a combination of healthy lifestyle choices and, if necessary, medication, you can reduce your risk of heart disease and enjoy a healthier future.
As a CHAS-approved clinic participating in the Screen for Life programme, Oaklife Family Clinic is committed to accessible healthcare, offering subsidies for eligible patients. Take the next step toward better health with a comprehensive screening—our team is here to support your journey to managing and preventing high cholesterol and other chronic conditions.